Glossary Americans

Artificial Neural Network (ANN): is an information processing paradigm that is inspired by the way biological nervous systems, such as the brain, process information. In most cases an ANN is an adaptive system that changes its structure based on external or internal information that flows through the network during the learning phase.

Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_neural_network
http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~nd/surprise_96/journal/vol4/cs11/report.html

· Automaton: (plural: automata or automatons) is a self-operating machine. The word is sometimes used to describe a robot, more specifically an autonomous robot. Although, automata theory is the study of abstract machines and problems which they are able to solve. Automata theory is closely related to formal language theory as the automata are often classified by the class of formal languages they are able to recognize.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automaton
Computer science (or computing science): is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation, and of practical techniques for their implementation and application in computer systems. It is frequently described as the systematic study of algorithmic processes that describe and transform information. Computer science has many sub-fields; some, such as computer graphics, emphasize the computation of specific results, while others, such as computational complexity theory, study the properties of computational problems. Still others focus on the challenges in implementing computations.

Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_science
· Nanotechnology: shortened to "Nanotech", is the study of the control of matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally nanotechnology deals with structures of the size 100 nanometers or smaller, and involves developing materials or devices within that size. Nanotechnology is very diverse, ranging from novel extensions of conventional device physics, to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly, to developing new materials with dimensions on the nanoscale, even to speculation on whether we can directly control matter on the atomic scale.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology
· Neurotransmitters: are any of the groups of chemical agents released by neurons (nerve cells) to stimulate neighboring neurons, thus allowing impulses to be passed from one cell to the next throughout the nervous system. They are packaged into synaptic vesicles that cluster beneath the membrane on the presynaptic side of a synapse, and are released into the synaptic cleft, where they bind to receptors in the membrane on the postsynaptic side of the synapse. Release of neurotransmitters usually follows arrival of an action potential at the synapse, but may follow graded electrical potentials. Low level "baseline" release also occurs without electrical stimulation.
Source: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/410777/neurotransmitter http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmitters
Memory: is a psychological process that serves to store encrypted information. This information can be recovered, sometimes on a voluntary and conscious manner, and other involuntary. Also, memory refers to computer components, devices, and recording media that retain digital data used for computing for some interval of time. Computer data storage provides one of the core functions of the modern computer, that of information retention. It is one of the fundamental components of all modern computers, and coupled with a central processing unit (CPU, a processor), implements the basic computer model used since the 1940s.

Source: http://www.monografias.com/trabajos61/memoria/memoria.shtml?monosearch
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_storage
http://www.monografias.com/trabajos61/memoria/memoria.shtml?monosearch


Paradigm: A conceptual framework—an established thought process. There are two types of paradigm: the sequential or logical paradigm which uses a single path to link knowledge and evidence to a conclusion. This type of paradigm needs to follow some steps in order to make a conclusion. The parallel or gestalt paradigm does not need to follow steps because all the connections between evidence and conclusions appraise simultaneously.
Source:
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paradigm
Processor: also called a Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the “brain” of the computer. It executes instructions sequentially and processes data. The processor is usually divided up into the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU), and the Control Unit. The ALU carries out logical evaluations (for example comparisons), and mathematical expressions (such as addition and subtraction). The Control Unit carries out the functions that organize instructions and coordinates all the data and instructions, similar to traffic lights controlling the flow of cars.
Source: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/A-level_Computing/Computer_Systems,_Programming_and_Network_Concepts/Introduction_to_Computer_Systems
Robot: is a virtual or mechanical artificial agent. In practice, it is usually an electro-mechanical system which, by its appearance or movements, conveys a sense that it has intent or agency of its own. The word robot can refer to both physical robots and virtual software agents, but the latter are usually referred to as bots.

Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot