Glossary Spanish

Artificial Neural Network: usually called "neural network" (NN), is a mathematical model or computational model that tries to simulate the structure and functional aspects of biological neural networks. It consists of an interconnected group of artificial neurons and processes information using a connectionist approach to computation. In most cases an ANN is an adaptive system that changes its structure based on external or internal information that flows through the network during the learning phase. In more practical terms neural networks are non-linear statistical data modeling tools. They can be used to model complex relationships between inputs and outputs or to find patterns in data.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_neural_network
Human-like: Suggesting human characteristics for animals or inanimate things.
http://www.wordwebonline.com/en/HUMANLIKE
Intelligent behavior: Intelligence takes many forms. This exciting study explores the novel insight, based on well-established ethological principles, that animals, humans, and autonomous robots can all be analyzed as multi-task autonomous control systems.
In this technically sophisticated, clearly written investigation of robot-animal analogies, McFarland and Bösser show that a bee's accuracy in navigating on a cloudy day and a moth's simple but effective hearing mechanisms have as much to teach us about intelligent behavior as human models. In defining intelligent behavior, what matters is the behavioral outcome, not the nature of the mechanism by which the outcome is achieved. Similarly, in designing robots capable of intelligent behavior, what matters is the behavioral outcome.
McFarland and Bösser address the problem of how to assess the consequences of robot behavior in a way that is meaningful in terms of the robot's intended role, comparing animal and robot in relation to rational behavior, goal seeking, task accomplishment, learning, and other important theoretical issues.
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/27012061?&lang=es
Minsky’s theory: In the early 1970s at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab, Minsky and Seymour Papert started developing what came to be called The Society of Mind theory. The theory attempts to explain how what we call intelligence could be a product of the interaction of non-intelligent parts. Minsky says that the biggest source of ideas about the theory came from his work in trying to create a machine that uses a robotic arm, a video camera, and a computer to build with children's blocks.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvin_Minsky
Photographic memory: Eidetic memory, photographic memory, or total recall is the ability to recall images, sounds, or objects in memory with extreme accuracy and in abundant volume. The word eidetic means related to extraordinarily detailed and vivid recall of visual images, and comes from the Greek word είδος (Eidos), which means "form". Eidetic memory can have a very different meaning for memory experts who use the picture elicitation method to detect it. Eidetic memory as observed in children is typified by the ability of an individual to study an image for approximately 30 seconds, and maintain a nearly perfect photographic memory of that image for a short time once it has been removed—indeed such eidetikers claim to "see" the image on the blank canvas as vividly and in as perfect detail as if it were still there.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eidetic_memory
Robot: Is a virtual or mechanical artificial agent. In practice, it is usually an electro-mechanical system which, by its appearance or movements, conveys a sense that it has intent or agency of its own. The word robot can refer to both physical robots and virtual software agents, but the latter are usually referred to as bots. There is no consensus on which machines qualify as robots, but there is general agreement among experts and the public that robots tend to do some or all of the following: move around, operate a mechanical limb, sense and manipulate their environment, and exhibit intelligent behavior, especially behavior which mimics humans or other animals.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot
Synapses: Is a mechanical and electrically conductive link between two abutting neuron cells that is formed at a narrow gap between the pre- and postsynaptic cells known as a gap junction. At gap junctions, such cells approach within about 3.5 nm of each other (Kandel et al. 2000), a much shorter distance than the 20 to 40 nm distance that separates cells at chemical synapse (Hormuzdi et al. 2004). In organisms, electrical synapse-based systems co-exist with chemical synapses.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_synapse
The Turing Test: Is a proposal for a test of a machine's ability to demonstrate intelligence. It proceeds as follows: a human judge engages in a natural language conversation with one human and one machine, each of which tries to appear human. All participants are placed in isolated locations. If the judge cannot reliably tell the machine from the human, the machine is said to have passed the test. In order to test the machine's intelligence rather than its ability to render words into audio, the conversation is limited to a text-only channel such as a computer keyboard and screen. It was described by Alan Turing in his 1950 paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence," in which Turing considers the question "can machines think?".
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_test
Unnatural Selection: The selection process is termed "artificial" when human preferences or influences have a significant effect on the evolution of a particular population or species.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unnatural_selection